Eczema is a skin condition caused by inflammation of the skin which causes skin to become red, itchy, dry, and even cracked and leathery in some cases. Eczema typically manifests itself in infancy and most will outgrow the condition, but can become a chronic condition that continues into adulthood. In addition, people with eczema have a higher risk of developing allergic conditions like asthma or hay fever.
Atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema and may appear on any part of the body, but typically arises on the face, elbows, wrists , and back of knees.
Symptoms:
Regardless of its site, eczema is almost always itchy. Affected areas usually appear dry, thickened and scaly. In infants, the itchy rash can be oozy and have a crusted appearance.
Causes:
While the exact cause of eczema is unknown, an overactive immune response to irritants is thought to be a factor. It is thought that a breach in the natural skin barrier, allowing moisture to escape and bacteria to enter is causative. Additionally, eczema tends to run in families with history of other atopic conditions such as asthma and hay fever.
Flare ups can also be triggered by certain external factors, including exposure to or contact with chemical irritants. Some triggers are:
- Stress
- Contact with irritating substances such as woolen and synthetic fabrics and soap
- Heat and sweat
- Cold, dry climates
- Dry skin
Treatment
Aim of treatment is to alleviate symptoms of itchiness. Lotions and creams are often prescribed to keep skin moist and mild steroids such as 1% hydrocortisone will be prescribed to lessen inflammation. Should the area become infected, antibiotics will be prescribed. In severe cases of itching, antihistamine and tar treatments will be recommended.
What can you do at home?
- Remove any irritant cause
- Change linen frequently
- Avoid harsh soaps
- Moisturise
- Be patient. Dont expect instant cures. Rather learn to control symptoms and reduce flare ups.
